The most abundant biomolecules on earth are carbohydrates. From a
chemical viewpoint, carbohydrates are primarily a combination of carbon
and water, and many of them have the empirical formula (CH2O)n,
where n is the number of repeated units.

They are abundant in terrestrial ecosystems, many forms of which we use
as food sources.

These molecules are also vital parts of macromolecular structures that
store and transmit genetic information (i.e., DNA and RNA).

Their functions are:

Serve as energy stores, fuels, and metabolic intermediates.

Formation of the structural framework of RNA and DNA (ribonucleic acid
and deoxyribonucleic acid).

Are structural elements in the cell walls of bacteria (peptidoglycan or
murein), plants (cellulose) and animals (chitin).

They are linked to many proteins and lipids. Such linked carbohydrates
are important in cell-cell communication and in interactions between cells
and other elements in the cellular environment.

As “food” for energy supply (starch, glycogen, dextran’s) and production of
fats.

TYPES:

1. MONOSACCHARIDES

Monosaccharides (C-H2O)n, n > 3, are the simplest form of
carbohydrates.

They may be subcategorized as aldoses or ketoses, if the molecule
contains an aldehyde or ketone functional group respectively.

Aldoses have a carbonyl group in the form of an aldehyde on the end of
the carbon chain and ketoses have a ketone group somewhere along the
sugar backbone.

Examples of monosaccharides: Glucose,Fructose,Galactose,Ribose

2.DISACCHARIDES

Disaccharides, or chemical formula of Cn(H2O)n-1, n > 5, are
namely two monosaccharides linked by condensation or
dehydration synthesis.

As a result, a glyosidic bond is formed when the -OH of one sugar
molecule joins with that of another sugar molecule.

The glyosidic bond can be broken by hydrolysis, which is the
addition of the water molecule, to form two monosaccharides.

Examples of disaccharides:lactose,maltose,sucrose

3.POLYSACCHARIDES

Polysaccharides (also called Glycans), the chemical
formula is written as Cn(H2O)n-1, for which 200 < n < 2500,
or (C6H10O5)n, 40<n<3000, are polymers or multiple units
of monosaccharides.

They are constructed by glyosidic bonds and make ideal
storage products due to their structure and solubility.

Examples of polysaccharides: cellulose,starch,glycogen

4.OLIGOSACCHARIDES

Oligosaccharide is a carbohydrate polymers comprise
three to ten monosaccharides, or, simple sugars.

They were linked together mostly by O-glycosidic bond
through condensation reaction between an anomeric
carbon of a monosaccharide and the other.

Example of oligosaccharides are: glucose,fructose which
are bonded together.

This is an example post, originally published as part of Blogging University. Enroll in one of our ten programs, and start your blog right.

You’re going to publish a post today. Don’t worry about how your blog looks. Don’t worry if you haven’t given it a name yet, or you’re feeling overwhelmed. Just click the “New Post” button, and tell us why you’re here.

Why do this?

• Because it gives new readers context. What are you about? Why should they read your blog?
• Because it will help you focus you own ideas about your blog and what you’d like to do with it.

The post can be short or long, a personal intro to your life or a bloggy mission statement, a manifesto for the future or a simple outline of your the types of things you hope to publish.

To help you get started, here are a few questions:

• Why are you blogging publicly, rather than keeping a personal journal?
• What topics do you think you’ll write about?
• Who would you love to connect with via your blog?
• If you blog successfully throughout the next year, what would you hope to have accomplished?

You’re not locked into any of this; one of the wonderful things about blogs is how they constantly evolve as we learn, grow, and interact with one another — but it’s good to know where and why you started, and articulating your goals may just give you a few other post ideas.

Can’t think how to get started? Just write the first thing that pops into your head. Anne Lamott, author of a book on writing we love, says that you need to give yourself permission to write a “crappy first draft”. Anne makes a great point — just start writing, and worry about editing it later.

When you’re ready to publish, give your post three to five tags that describe your blog’s focus — writing, photography, fiction, parenting, food, cars, movies, sports, whatever. These tags will help others who care about your topics find you in the Reader. Make sure one of the tags is “zerotohero,” so other new bloggers can find you, too.